Foreign Terrorist Organisations (FTOs) are foreign
organizations that are designated by the Secretary of State in accordance with
section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended. FTO
designations play a critical role in our fight against terrorism and are an
effective means of curtailing support for terrorist activities and pressuring
groups to get out of the terrorism business.
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Designated Foreign
Terrorist Organizations
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Date Designated
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Name
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10/8/1997
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Abu
Nidal Organization (ANO)
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10/8/1997
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Abu
Sayyaf Group (ASG)
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10/8/1997
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Aum
Shinrikyo (AUM)
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10/8/1997
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Basque
Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
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10/8/1997
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Gama’a
al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group) (IG)
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10/8/1997
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HAMAS
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10/8/1997
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Harakat
ul-Mujahidin (HUM)
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10/8/1997
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Hizballah
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10/8/1997
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Kahane
Chai (Kach)
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10/8/1997
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Kurdistan
Workers Party (PKK) (Kongra-Gel)
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10/8/1997
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Liberation
Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
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10/8/1997
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National
Liberation Army (ELN)
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10/8/1997
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Palestine
Liberation Front (PLF)
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10/8/1997
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Palestinian
Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
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10/8/1997
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Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLF)
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10/8/1997
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PFLP-General
Command (PFLP-GC)
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10/8/1997
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Revolutionary
Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
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10/8/1997
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Revolutionary
Organization 17 November (17N)
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10/8/1997
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Revolutionary
People’s Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C)
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10/8/1997
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Shining
Path (SL)
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10/8/1999
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al-Qa’ida
(AQ)
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9/25/2000
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Islamic
Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)
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5/16/2001
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Real
Irish Republican Army (RIRA)
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9/10/2001
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United
Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC)
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12/26/2001
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Jaish-e-Mohammed
(JEM)
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12/26/2001
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Lashkar-e
Tayyiba (LeT)
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3/27/2002
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Al-Aqsa
Martyrs Brigade (AAMB)
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3/27/2002
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Asbat
al-Ansar (AAA)
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3/27/2002
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al-Qaida
in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)
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8/9/2002
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Communist
Party of the Philippines/New People's Army (CPP/NPA)
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10/23/2002
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Jemaah
Islamiya (JI)
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1/30/2003
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Lashkar
i Jhangvi (LJ)
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3/22/2004
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Ansar
al-Islam (AAI)
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7/13/2004
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Continuity
Irish Republican Army (CIRA)
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12/17/2004
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Libyan
Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG)
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12/17/2004
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al-Qaida
in Iraq (AQI)
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6/17/2005
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Islamic
Jihad Union (IJU)
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10/11/2005
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Moroccan
Islamic Combatant Group (GICM)
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3/5/2008
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Harakat
ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Bangladesh (HUJI-B)
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3/18/2008
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al-Shabaab
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5/18/2009
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Revolutionary
Struggle (RS)
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7/2/2009
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Kata'ib
Hizballah (KH)
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1/19/2010
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al-Qa'ida
in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
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8/6/2010
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Harakat
ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HUJI)
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9/1/2010
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Tehrik-e
Taliban Pakistan (TTP)
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11/4/2010
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Jundallah
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5/23/2011
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Army
of Islam (AOI)
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9/19/2011
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Indian
Mujahedeen (IM)
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3/13/2012
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Jemaah
Anshorut Tauhid (JAT)
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5/30/2012
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Abdallah
Azzam Brigades (AAB)
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9/19/2012
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Haqqani
Network (HQN)
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3/22/2013
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Ansar
al-Dine (AAD)
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Delisted Foreign
Terrorist Organizations
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Date Removed
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Name
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Date Originally
Designated
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10/8/1999
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Democratic
Front for the Liberation of Palestine -Hawatmeh Faction
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10/8/1997
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10/8/1999
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Khmer
Rouge
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10/8/1997
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10/8/1999
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Manuel
Modriguez Patriotic Front Dissidents
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10/8/1997
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10/8/2001
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Japanese
Red Army
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10/8/1997
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10/8/2001
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Tupac
Amaru Revolution Movement
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10/8/1997
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5/18/2009
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Revolutionary
Nuclei
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10/8/1997
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10/15/2010
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Armed
Islamic Group (GIA)
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10/8/1997
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9/28/2012
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Mujahedin-e
Khalq Organization (MEK)
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10/8/1997
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DesignationIdentification
The Bureau of Counterterrorism in the State Department (S/CT) continually
monitors the activities of terrorist groups active around the world to identify
potential targets for designation. When reviewing potential targets, S/CT looks
not only at the actual terrorist attacks that a group has carried out, but also
at whether the group has engaged in planning and preparations for possible
future acts of terrorism or retains the capability and intent to carry out such
acts.
Once a target is identified, S/CT prepares a detailed "administrative
record," which is a compilation of information, typically including both
classified and open sources information, demonstrating that the statutory
criteria for designation have been satisfied. If the Secretary of State, in
consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury,
decides to make the designation, Congress is notified of the Secretary’s intent
to designate the organization and given seven days to review the designation,
as the INA requires. Upon the expiration of the seven-day waiting period and in
the absence of Congressional action to block the designation, notice of the
designation is published in the Federal Register, at which point
the designation takes effect. By law an organization designated as an FTO may
seek judicial review of the designation in the United States Court of Appeals
for the District of Columbia Circuit not later than 30 days after the
designation is published in the Federal Register.
Until recently the INA provided that FTOs must be
redesignated every 2 years or the designation would lapse. Under the
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), however, the
redesignation requirement was replaced by certain review and revocation
procedures. IRTPA provides that an FTO may file a petition for revocation 2
years after its designation date (or in the case of redesignated FTOs, its most
recent redesignation date) or 2 years after the determination date on its most
recent petition for revocation. In order to provide a basis for revocation, the
petitioning FTO must provide evidence that the circumstances forming the basis
for the designation are sufficiently different as to warrant revocation. If no
such review has been conducted during a 5 year period with respect to a
designation, then the Secretary of State is required to review the designation
to determine whether revocation would be appropriate. In addition, the
Secretary of State may at any time revoke a designation upon a finding that the
circumstances forming the basis for the designation have changed in such a
manner as to warrant revocation, or that the national security of the United
States warrants a revocation. The same procedural requirements apply to
revocations made by the Secretary of State as apply to designations. A
designation may be revoked by an Act of Congress, or set aside by a Court
order.
Legal Criteria for Designation under Section 219 of
the INA as amended
1 It must be a foreign organization.
2 The organization must engage in terrorist
activity, as defined in section 212 (a)(3)(B) of the INA (8 U.S.C. §
1182(a)(3)(B)),* or terrorism,
as defined in section 140(d)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act,
Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (22 U.S.C. § 2656f(d)(2)),** or
retain the capability and intent to engage in terrorist activity or terrorism.
3 The organization’s terrorist activity or terrorism
must threaten the security of U.S. nationals or the national
security (national defense, foreign relations, or the economic
interests) of the United States.
Legal Ramifications of Designation
1 It is unlawful for a person in the United States or
subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to knowingly provide
"material support or resources" to a designated FTO. (The term
"material support or resources" is defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2339A(b)(1)
as " any property, tangible or intangible, or service, including currency
or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging,
training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or
identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal
substances, explosives, personnel (1 or more individuals who maybe or include
oneself), and transportation, except medicine or religious materials.” 18
U.S.C. § 2339A(b)(2) provides that for these purposes “the term ‘training’ means
instruction or teaching designed to impart a specific skill, as opposed to
general knowledge.” 18 U.S.C. § 2339A(b)(3) further provides that for these
purposes the term ‘expert advice or assistance’ means advice or assistance
derived from scientific, technical or other specialized knowledge.’’
2 Representatives and members of a designated FTO, if
they are aliens, are inadmissible to and, in certain circumstances, removable
from the United States (see 8 U.S.C. §§ 1182 (a)(3)(B)(i)(IV)-(V), 1227
(a)(1)(A)).
3 Any U.S. financial institution that becomes aware that
it has possession of or control over funds in which a designated FTO or its
agent has an interest must retain possession of or control over the funds and
report the funds to the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department
of the Treasury.
Other Effects of Designation
1 Supports our efforts to curb terrorism financing and
to encourage other nations to do the same.
2 Stigmatises and isolates designated terrorist
organizations internationally.
3 Deters donations or contributions to and economic
transactions with named organizations.
4 Heightens public awareness and knowledge of terrorist
organizations.
5 Signals to other governments our concern about named
organizations.
Revocations of Foreign Terrorist Organizations
The Immigration and Nationality Act sets out three
possible basis for revoking a Foreign Terrorist Organization designation:
1 The Secretary of State must revoke a designation if
the Secretary finds that the circumstances that were the basis of the
designation have changed in such a manner as to warrant a revocation;
2 The Secretary of State must revoke a designation if
the Secretary finds that the national security of the United States warrants a
revocation;
3 The Secretary of State may revoke a designation at any
time.
Any revocation shall take effect on the date specified
in the revocation or upon publication in the Federal Register if no effective
date is specified. The revocation of a designation shall not affect any action
or proceeding based on conduct committed prior to the effective date of such
revocation.
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